🔗Connectors
But, because, although, so — the logic of a sentence.
13 concepts
Columns follow the languages switched on at the top. Gender after the word (m/f/n); IPA beneath; notes, alternatives and origins underneath — nothing is hidden.
| Concept | English | Français | Español |
|---|---|---|---|
and preposition | and ænd Usually reduced to /ənd/ or /ən/: fish 'n' chips. | et e Never liaison after et: 'et un' = /e œ̃/, not /et œ̃/. | y i Becomes e before an i-/hi- sound: padre e hijo, Francia e Italia. |
or preposition | or ɔː also: either … or | ou u Où (with accent) = where. Same sound, different word. | o o Becomes u before an o-/ho- sound: siete u ocho, mujeres u hombres. |
but preposition | but bʌt Weak form /bət/. | mais mɛ Homophone of mes, met, mets. | pero ˈpeɾo also: sino (after a negative: no es rojo, sino azul) Perro (two r's) = dog — tap vs trill matters. |
because preposition | because bɪˈkɒz also: 'cause, since, as | parce que paʁs kə also: car (written/formal), puisque (since) Parce qu'il… before a vowel. Answer to pourquoi. | porque ˈpoɾke One word = because; ¿por qué? (two words, accent) = why; el porqué = the reason. |
so / therefore preposition | so səʊ also: therefore, that's why | donc dɔ̃k also: alors, du coup (very informal, everywhere now) Final c pronounced — except sometimes in 'dis donc'. | así que aˈsi ke also: entonces, por eso, por lo tanto |
if preposition | if ɪf also: whether | si si S' before il/ils only: s'il pleut (but si elle pleut). Also 'yes' to a negative question. | si si Sí (accent) = yes. Si = if. |
although preposition | although ɔːlˈðəʊ also: though, even though | bien que bjɛ̃ kə also: même si (+ indicative), quoique Bien que + subjunctive: bien qu'il soit tard. | aunque ˈaʊŋke + indicative for facts, + subjunctive for hypotheticals. |
when preposition | when wɛn also: whenever | quand kɑ̃ also: lorsque (written) Liaison: quand il = /kɑ̃ til/. | cuando ˈkwando ¿Cuándo? (accent) = the question. |
while preposition | while waɪl also: whilst (UK, formal), whereas (contrast) | pendant que pɑ̃dɑ̃ kə also: tandis que (contrast), alors que | mientras ˈmjentɾas Mientras que = whereas (contrast). |
however / nevertheless adverb | however haʊˈɛvə also: nevertheless, still, yet | cependant səpɑ̃dɑ̃ also: pourtant, toutefois, néanmoins | sin embargo sin emˈbaɾɣo also: no obstante, aun así Nothing to do with a trade embargo — 'without hindrance'. |
for example phrase | for example fəɹ ɪɡˈzɑːmpəl also: for instance, e.g. | par exemple paʁ ɛɡzɑ̃pl Abbreviation p. ex. 'Non mais par exemple !' = well I never! | por ejemplo poɾ eˈxemplo Abbreviation p. ej. |
that (I think that…) preposition | that ðæt Usually dropped: I think (that) it's late. Weak form /ðət/. | que kə NEVER dropped: je pense qu'il est tard. Qu' before a vowel. | que ke Never dropped: creo que es tarde. Qué (accent) = what / how. |
in order to / to preposition | in order to ɪn ˈɔːdə tuː also: to, so as to | pour puʁ also: afin de (formal) Pour + infinitive: je travaille pour vivre. | para ˈpaɾa Para + infinitive = purpose. Por = cause/exchange — the por/para chapter of every textbook. |