Hindi → Spanish
Spanish uses 27 sounds. You already own 13 of them from Hindi. The other 14 are the work — and 14 of those are the dangerous kind: close enough to something you already say that you will substitute them without hearing yourself do it.
The silent swaps
Your mouth has something close enough to reach for. These survive for years precisely because they sound right to you — the fix is hearing the difference first, not trying harder.
the move: retroflex → palatal
Spanish: year · written "ñ"
Your /ɳ/ is the one in gaṇesh (Ganesh).
the move: alveolar → dental
Spanish: beer · written "z", "ce", "ci"
Spain only. Latin America: /s/.
Your /s/ is the one in saal (year).
the move: near-close → close
Spanish: yes · written "i", "y (alone)"
Your /ɪ/ is the one in din (day).
the move: near-close → close
Spanish: light · written "u"
Your /ʊ/ is the one in kuchh (something).
the move: close, but not identical
Spanish: house · written "a"
Your /aː/ is the one in aam (mango).
the move: close, but not identical
Spanish: table · written "e"
Your /eː/ is the one in ek (one).
the move: close, but not identical
Spanish: bear · written "o"
Your /oː/ is the one in do (two).
the move: alveolar → labiodental
Spanish: fire · written "f"
Your /s/ is the one in saal (year).
the move: close, but not identical
Spanish: egg · written "u+vowel", "hu"
Your /ʋ/ is the one in vah (he, she, that).
the move: alveolar → dental, voiced
Spanish: nothing · written "d"
Soft d between vowels, like English 'th' in this. Nearly vanishes in -ado endings.
Your /s/ is the one in saal (year).
the move: plosive → fricative
Spanish: to have · written "b", "v"
Soft b/v between vowels — lips don't fully close.
Your /b/ is the one in bacchaa (child).
the move: plosive → fricative
Spanish: water · written "g", "gu"
Soft g between vowels.
Your /ɡ/ is the one in garam (hot).
the move: plosive → fricative
Spanish: ham · written "j", "ge", "gi"
Harsh in Spain, soft [h] in the Caribbean.
Your /k/ is the one in kaam (work).
Words you may say identically
Two or more Spanish sounds landing on one sound of yours. Until the ear separates them, the mouth cannot — which is what the ear trainer is for.
Rhythm and pitch
The layer spelling never records, and the one that makes a correct sentence still sound foreign.
| Hindi | Spanish | |
|---|---|---|
| Rhythm | Syllable-timed, with deletion | Syllable-timed |
| Stress | Not contrastive and not written. Stress falls on the heaviest syllable — a long vowel or a closed syllable outweighs a short open one — and where several are equal it goes to the last of them. No two Hindi words are told apart by stress alone, which makes it the least stressful stress system here. | Fully contrastive, and mercifully written: if a word breaks the default pattern (stress on the second-to-last syllable for vowel/-n/-s endings, on the last otherwise) it carries an accent. Three-way minimal sets are common and the accent is the only thing separating them. |
What you have that Spanish doesn't
28 sounds with no job in Spanish. They are not mistakes — but they are where an accent leaks in, because a sound you own is easy to use when a hard one is due.
The honest caveat
This is a prediction from the shape of two sound systems, not a recording of you. It says what your inventory makes likely — it cannot know that your Hindi has a regional variety that already owns one of these, or that you learned Spanish from someone whose accent you copied. A teacher listening to you beats it. Use it to know what to listen for.
Other first languages: English · French · Portuguese · German · Italian · Georgian · Russian · Mandarin Chinese · Cantonese · Vietnamese · Korean · Japanese · Malay · Turkish