Japanese → Italian
Italian uses 30 sounds. You already own 17 of them from Japanese. The other 13 are the work — and 13 of those are the dangerous kind: close enough to something you already say that you will substitute them without hearing yourself do it.
The silent swaps
Your mouth has something close enough to reach for. These survive for years precisely because they sound right to you — the fix is hearing the difference first, not trying harder.
the move: bilabial → labiodental
Italian: hunger · written "f"
Your /ɸ/ is the one in ふゆ fuyu (winter).
the move: alveolar → postalveolar
Italian: fish · written "sc(i)", "sce"
Your /s/ is the one in さかな sakana (fish).
the move: alveolo-palatal → postalveolar
Italian: hi/bye · written "c(i)", "ce"
Your /t͡ɕ/ is the one in ちいさい chīsai (small).
the move: alveolo-palatal → postalveolar
Italian: day · written "g(i)", "ge"
Your /d͡ʑ/ is the one in じかん jikan (time).
the move: alveolar → labiodental
Italian: wine · written "v"
Your /z/ is the one in みず mizu (water).
the move: alveolo-palatal → alveolar
Italian: zero · written "z", "zz"
Your /d͡ʑ/ is the one in じかん jikan (time).
the move: open → open-mid
Italian: beautiful · written "e", "è"
Your /a/ is the one in あさ asa (morning).
the move: close-mid → open-mid
Italian: thing · written "o", "ò"
Your /o/ is the one in おと oto (sound).
the move: approximant → nasal
Italian: gnocchi · written "gn"
Your /j/ is the one in やま yama (mountain).
the move: fricative → lateral
Italian: milk · written "l"
Your /z/ is the one in みず mizu (water).
the move: approximant → lateral
Italian: son · written "gl(i)"
Like the 'lli' in million, but one palatal sound.
Your /j/ is the one in やま yama (mountain).
Words you may say identically
Two or more Italian sounds landing on one sound of yours. Until the ear separates them, the mouth cannot — which is what the ear trainer is for.
Rhythm and pitch
The layer spelling never records, and the one that makes a correct sentence still sound foreign.
| Japanese | Italian | |
|---|---|---|
| Rhythm | Mora-timed | Syllable-timed + long consonants |
| Stress | No stress in the English sense — syllables are not louder or longer, so a Japanese speaker reading English tends to flatten it, and an English speaker reading Japanese tends to hammer syllables that should be even. | Contrastive. The default is the second-to-last syllable, and the accent is only written when the stress falls on the LAST one (città, perché). Words stressed on the third-from-last (àncora, prìncipi) are common and unmarked — the dictionary is the only way to know. |
What you have that Italian doesn't
14 sounds with no job in Italian. They are not mistakes — but they are where an accent leaks in, because a sound you own is easy to use when a hard one is due.
The honest caveat
This is a prediction from the shape of two sound systems, not a recording of you. It says what your inventory makes likely — it cannot know that your Japanese has a regional variety that already owns one of these, or that you learned Italian from someone whose accent you copied. A teacher listening to you beats it. Use it to know what to listen for.
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