Future & conditional
Future
Take the subjunctive and add -गा / -गी / -गे, which agrees with the subject.
| मैं जाऊँगा | I will go (m) |
| मैं जाऊँगी | I will go (f) |
| तुम जाओगे | you will go |
| आप जाएँगे | you will go (polite) |
| हम जाएँगे | we will go |
The -गा is originally the word for "gone", welded on. It is the only tense ending in Hindi that carries gender AND number.
Subjunctive
The bare form, without -गा. Used for suggestions, offers, doubt and after certain conjunctions.
मैं चलूँ? — Shall I go? शायद वह आए — Perhaps he'll come.
Conditions with अगर … तो
Hindi pairs the two halves explicitly.
- Real: अगर बारिश हुई तो मैं नहीं जाऊँगा — if it rains, I won't go.
- Unreal: अगर मैं अमीर होता तो… — if I were rich… The imperfect participle does the counterfactual work, in both halves.
Obligation
Three levels, all built with a postposition-like verb:
| मुझे जाना है | I am to go — mild |
| मुझे जाना चाहिए | I should go |
| मुझे जाना पड़ेगा | I will have to go — external compulsion |
Note the dative मुझे in all three: the obligation happens to you.
चाहिए
चाहिए never conjugates. The thing wanted is the subject and you are in the dative:
मुझे पानी चाहिए — "to me water is wanted" — I want water.
The same backwards shape as पसंद, समझ आना, भूख लगना. Hindi does this everywhere.
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