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Future & conditional

The future is one suffix, -(y)ecek / -(y)acak. "If" is also a suffix, -se / -sa, and it comes in two flavours: on the bare stem for wishes and the unreal, on a tense for real conditions. "Would" is the aorist with a past on top.

-(y)ecek: will, going to

Two-way harmony; a y after a vowel stem; the final k softens to ğ before a vowel ending:

gitmekyapmakokumak
bengideceğimyapacağımokuyacağım
sengideceksinyapacaksınokuyacaksın
ogidecekyapacakokuyacak
bizgideceğizyapacağızokuyacağız
sizgideceksinizyapacaksınızokuyacaksınız
onlargidecekleryapacaklarokuyacaklar

Yarın yağmur yağacak. — "It's going to rain tomorrow." Seni bekleyeceğim. — "I'll wait for you."

In speech gideceğim shrinks, and texts spell it gidicem, yapıcam.

Three ways to talk about tomorrow

formsenseexample
-iyorfixed planYarın gidiyorum. — I'm leaving tomorrow.
-ecekwill, intention, predictionYarın gideceğim. — I will go tomorrow.
aoristoffer, promise, maybeYarın gelirim. — I'll come tomorrow (I promise / probably).

If, real: tense + -(y)se

A real condition puts -se / -sa after a tense, mostly the aorist:

Yağmur yağarsa evde kalırım. — "If it rains, I'll stay home." Vaktin varsa gel. — "If you have time, come." Hastaysan gelme. — "If you're ill, don't come." Bunu bilmiyorsan sor. — "If you don't know it, ask."

If, unreal: stem + -se

On the bare stem, -se is hypothetical or a wish: gelsem, gelsen, gelse, gelsek, gelseniz, gelseler.

Keşke gelsen! — "If only you'd come!" Param olsa bir ev alırdım. — "If I had money I'd buy a house." Bilseydim söylerdim. — "If I had known, I would have told you." Çay içsek? — "Shall we have some tea?" (a suggestion)

Would: aorist + -di

formexamplegloss
aorist + -digiderdimI would go
-seydi … aorist + -diGelseydin görürdün.If you'd come, you'd have seen.
-ebilir misiniz?Yardım edebilir misiniz?Could you help? (polite request)

Eğer

Eğer "if" can open the sentence, but the suffix does the grammar; eğer only warns the listener early:

(Eğer) erken bitirirsek sinemaya gideriz. — "If we finish early, we'll go to the cinema."

Eğer is from Persian agar — the same word as Hindi agar "if".

Want, can, must

Gitmek istiyorum. — "I want to go." · Gidebilirim. — "I can go." · Gitmeliyim. — "I must go."

Against Korean and Japanese

Korean -면 and Japanese -ば / -たら also put "if" on the verb itself; Turkish -se works the same way and, like Korean, leaves "would" to the main clause. The split between a real -irse and an unreal -se is close to French si tu viens against si tu venais.


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