Pronouns
Six personal pronouns, no gender anywhere: ის is means "he", "she" and "it". The pronouns barely change for case, and the verb usually repeats the person anyway, so Georgians drop them constantly.
The six
| person | Georgian | gloss |
|---|---|---|
| I | მე me | I / me |
| you (one person, informal) | შენ shen | you |
| he / she / it | ის is | one word for all three |
| we | ჩვენ chven | we / us |
| you (plural, or one person politely) | თქვენ tkven | you |
| they | ისინი isini | they |
Good news: მე, შენ, ჩვენ, თქვენ keep the same form as subject and object — no I/me split. Only the third person changes: ის → მან man (ergative), მას mas (dative): მას ვხედავ mas vkhedav — "I see him/her/it".
Drop the pronoun
The verb already marks the person (see present tense), so pronouns appear mainly for emphasis or contrast:
- ვმუშაობ vmushaob — "I work" (the ვ- says "I")
- მე ვმუშაობ, შენ ისვენებ me vmushaob, shen isveneb — "I work, you rest" (contrast)
Polite "you": თქვენ
Like French vous: the plural doubles as the polite singular, and the verb goes plural with it.
| to a friend | to a stranger / elder |
|---|---|
| შენ ხარ shen khar — "you are" | თქვენ ხართ tkven khart — "you are" |
| როგორ ხარ? rogor khar? — "how are you?" | როგორ ხართ? rogor khart? — "how are you?" |
Default to თქვენ with adults you don't know; Georgians switch to შენ quickly and warmly, usually by invitation.
Possessives
| Georgian | example | |
|---|---|---|
| my | ჩემი chemi | ჩემი სახლი chemi sakhli — "my house" |
| your (შენ) | შენი sheni | შენი წიგნი sheni ts'igni — "your book" |
| his / her / its | მისი misi | მისი დედა misi deda — "his/her mother" |
| our | ჩვენი chveni | ჩვენი ქალაქი chveni kalaki — "our city" |
| your (თქვენ) | თქვენი tkveni | თქვენი მანქანა tkveni mankana — "your car" |
| their | მათი mati | მათი ბავშვები mati bavshvebi — "their children" |
One form each — no agreement with the noun's number or (of course) gender. მისი is "his", "her" and "its" alike.
Demonstratives double as pronouns
ეს es "this" and ის is "that" stand alone happily:
- ეს რა არის? es ra aris? — "what is this?"
- ის ჩემი მეგობარია is chemi megobaria — "that/he/she is my friend"
Takeaway
- One third-person pronoun; gender never enters the picture.
- Pronouns are optional — the verb carries the person.
- Learn მე/შენ/ის + ჩემი/შენი/მისი first; the plurals are transparent.
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