L'interface est traduite, mais les explications de cette page sont encore rédigées en anglais — le texte pédagogique n'a pas encore été traduit.
Italien : orthographe → son
Italian spelling is regular with two famous twists: c and g are soft (/t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/) before e/i and hard before a/o/u — and an inserted silent i or h flips them (ciao, ghetto). Double consonants are genuinely held longer (pala/palla, ano/anno) and shorten the vowel before them. Every vowel is pronounced; e and o each have an open and a closed version (è/é, ò/ó) that the spelling only marks on the final syllable — the tracer shows the closed one by default. Stress usually falls on the second-to-last syllable.
Suivre un mot
Chaque case est une règle qui se déclenche. Survolez une case (ou ouvrez le tableau) pour voir pourquoi. Les règles s'appliquent dans l'ordre, la première qui correspond gagne — et cet ordre est le système orthographique.
Consonnes et semi-voyelles
| IPA | Spelled | Example |
|---|---|---|
| p | p | pane ˈpane bread |
| b | b | bene ˈbɛne well |
| t | t | tavolo ˈtavolo table |
| d | d | dove ˈdove where |
| k | c, ch, q | chiave ˈkjave key — h after c/g = 'keep it hard'. |
| ɡ | g, gh | gatto ˈɡatto cat |
| m | m | mano ˈmano hand |
| n | n | naso ˈnazo nose |
| ɲ | gn | gnocchi ˈɲɔkki gnocchi |
| f | f | fame ˈfame hunger |
| v | v | vino ˈvino wine |
| s | s, ss | sole ˈsole sun |
| z | s (before voiced consonant, often between vowels) | sbaglio ˈzbaʎʎo mistake — Between vowels northern speakers say [z] (casa → kaza), Tuscany [s]. |
| ʃ | sc(i), sce | pesce ˈpeʃʃe fish |
| t͡ʃ | c(i), ce | ciao ˈt͡ʃao hi/bye |
| d͡ʒ | g(i), ge | giorno ˈd͡ʒorno day |
| t͡s | z, zz | pizza ˈpit͡tsa pizza — z is /t͡s/ or /d͡z/ — lexical. Default here: /t͡s/. |
| d͡z | z, zz | zero ˈd͡zɛro zero |
| l | l | latte ˈlatte milk |
| ʎ | gl(i) | figlio ˈfiʎʎo son — Like the 'lli' in million, but one palatal sound. |
| r | r, rr | Roma ˈroma Rome — Rolled (trill); single r is often a tap [ɾ]. |
| j | i+vowel | piano ˈpjano slowly / piano |
| w | u+vowel | uomo ˈwɔmo man |
Voyelles
Les règles, dans l'ordre
54 règles. La colonne de gauche est un motif (expression régulière) testé à la position courante dans le mot ; (?=…) regarde devant, (?<=…) regarde derrière, $ est la fin du mot.
| # | Pattern | Sound | Why |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sci(?=[aeou]) | sc + i before a vowel: the i is only a softener | |
| 2 | sc(?=[eiéè]) | sc before e/i = sh | |
| 3 | sch | h keeps sc hard | |
| 4 | gli(?=[aeou]) | gl + i before a vowel: the i is only a softener | |
| 5 | gli | gli = palatal l + i | |
| 6 | gn | ||
| 7 | cch | double c + h = long hard k | |
| 8 | cci(?=[aeou]) | ||
| 9 | cc(?=[eiéè]) | double c before e/i = long ch | |
| 10 | cc | ||
| 11 | ch | h keeps c hard | |
| 12 | ci(?=[aeou]) | c + i before a vowel: the i is only a softener | |
| 13 | c(?=[eiéè]) | c before e/i = ch | |
| 14 | c | ||
| 15 | ggi(?=[aeou]) | ||
| 16 | gg(?=[eiéè]) | ||
| 17 | gg | ||
| 18 | gh | h keeps g hard | |
| 19 | gi(?=[aeou]) | g + i before a vowel: the i is only a softener | |
| 20 | g(?=[eiéè]) | g before e/i = j | |
| 21 | g | ||
| 22 | qu | ||
| 23 | h | h is silent | |
| 24 | zz | ||
| 25 | z | z = ts (sometimes dz — lexical) | |
| 26 | ss | ||
| 27 | s(?=[bdgvlmnr]) | s voices before a voiced consonant | |
| 28 | s | ||
| 29 | bb | ||
| 30 | dd | ||
| 31 | ff | ||
| 32 | ll | ||
| 33 | mm | ||
| 34 | nn | ||
| 35 | pp | ||
| 36 | rr | ||
| 37 | tt | ||
| 38 | vv | ||
| 39 | i(?=[aeouàèéòóù]) | i before a vowel becomes a glide | |
| 40 | u(?=[aeioàèéìòó]) | u before a vowel becomes a glide | |
| 41 | è | ||
| 42 | é | ||
| 43 | ò | ||
| 44 | ó | ||
| 45 | à | ||
| 46 | ì | ||
| 47 | ù | ||
| 48 | [aeiou] | e/o: closed by default; open (ɛ/ɔ) is lexical | |
| 49 | [pbtdfvlmnr] | ||
| 50 | k | ||
| 51 | w | ||
| 52 | j | ||
| 53 | x | ||
| 54 | y |