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Future & conditional
Korean has several ways to talk about what has not happened yet, and they differ by how sure you are and whose will is involved.
-ㄹ/을 거예요: will, going to
The neutral future, and a prediction:
내일 갈 거예요. — "I'll go tomorrow." 비가 올 거예요. — "It's going to rain."
-ㄹ after a vowel stem (갈), -을 after a consonant stem (먹을 거예요). Formal: -ㄹ 것입니다 / -ㄹ 겁니다.
-ㄹ게요: I'll (promise, offer)
Only for the speaker, and it commits you:
제가 할게요. — "I'll do it." 먼저 갈게요. — "I'll go ahead."
-겠-: will (intention, guess), and politeness
-겠- inside the verb is a firm intention in the first person (하겠습니다 "I will do it" — the soldier's and the waiter's word), a guess in the third (비가 오겠어요 "looks like rain"), and pure politeness in a few fixed forms: 알겠습니다 "understood", 처음 뵙겠습니다 "how do you do".
-려고 하다: intend to
한국어를 배우려고 해요. — "I'm planning to learn Korean."
-고 싶다: want to
집에 가고 싶어요. — "I want to go home."
If: -면
The condition is an ending on the verb, -(으)면; the consequence follows in whatever tense fits:
비가 오면 집에 있을 거예요. — "If it rains I'll stay home." 시간 있으면 오세요. — "If you have time, come." 돈이 많으면 좋겠어요. — "It would be nice if I had lots of money."
There is no conditional mood. "Would" is expressed by the future in the main clause, by -겠-, or by -ㄹ 텐데 "it would … (but)":
알았으면 안 갔을 거예요. — "If I had known I wouldn't have gone." 제가 하면 더 빠를 텐데요. — "It would be faster if I did it."
The polite "would": -시겠어요?, -주시겠어요?
English uses "would you" for politeness; Korean uses -겠- with the honorific:
잠깐 기다리시겠어요? — "Would you wait a moment?" 다시 말씀해 주시겠어요? — "Would you say that again?"
Other conditionals
| form | meaning |
|---|---|
| -아/어도 | even if: 비가 와도 가요. — "Even if it rains, I'm going." |
| -ㄹ 때 | when (a future time): 도착할 때 전화하세요. — "Call when you arrive." |
| -거든 | if (in commands): 오거든 말해 줘. — "If he comes, tell me." |
| -지 않으면 | unless |
If you speak Vietnamese
-ㄹ 거예요 is sẽ, -려고 하다 is định, -고 싶다 is muốn, and -면 is nếu … thì with the thì inside the ending. Korean's -겠- and -ㄹ게요 — futures that carry a promise or a guess — have no single Vietnamese word.
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