L'interface est traduite, mais les explications de cette page sont encore rédigées en anglais — le texte pédagogique n'a pas encore été traduit.
Cantonais : orthographe → son
Cantonese syllables are (initial) + final + one of SIX tones, written 1–6 in Jyutping: 1 high ˥, 2 rising ˧˥, 3 mid ˧, 4 low falling ˨˩, 5 low rising ˩˧, 6 low ˨. Unlike Mandarin it keeps the old final stops -p -t -k (unreleased — the syllable just stops: sap6 十) and final -m (saam1 三). Long and short a are different letters: aa is long /aː/ (saam1), a is short /ɐ/ (sam1 心 — different word!). b/d/g are unaspirated /p t k/, p/t/k aspirated; z/c are /t͡s/ /t͡sʰ/ (often toward /t͡ʃ/). Two syllables are just nasals: m4 唔 'not', ng5 五 'five'. The same characters as Mandarin, utterly different sounds: 香港 is xiānggǎng in Mandarin, hoeng1gong2 in Cantonese.
Suivre un mot
Chaque case est une règle qui se déclenche. Survolez une case (ou ouvrez le tableau) pour voir pourquoi. Les règles s'appliquent dans l'ordre, la première qui correspond gagne — et cet ordre est le système orthographique. Type Jyutping with tone numbers (nei5 hou2).
Consonnes et semi-voyelles
| IPA | Spelled | Example |
|---|---|---|
| p | b | baa1 爸 paː˥ dad — Unaspirated. |
| pʰ | p | pang4 朋 pʰɐŋ˨˩ friend (in 朋友) |
| m | m | maa1 媽 maː˥ mum |
| m̩ | m (alone) | m4 唔 m̩˨˩ not — A whole syllable with no vowel. |
| f | f | fan3 瞓 fɐn˧ to sleep |
| t | d | daai6 大 taːi˨ big |
| tʰ | t | tung4 同 tʰʊŋ˨˩ same / with |
| n | n | nei5 你 nei˩˧ you — Many speakers say l- instead: lei5. Both heard everywhere. |
| l | l | lei4 嚟 lei˨˩ to come |
| k | g | go3 個 kɔː˧ (classifier) |
| kʰ | k | keoi5 佢 kʰɵy˩˧ he / she |
| kʷ | gw | gwong2 廣 kʷɔːŋ˧˥ Canton (in 廣東) |
| kʷʰ | kw | kwan4 裙 kʷʰɐn˨˩ skirt |
| ŋ | ng | ngo5 我 ŋɔː˩˧ I — Younger speakers often drop it: o5. |
| ŋ̩ | ng (alone) | ng5 五 ŋ̩˩˧ five |
| h | h | hou2 好 hou˧˥ good |
| t͡s | z | zung1 中 t͡sʊŋ˥ middle |
| t͡sʰ | c | ceot1 出 t͡sʰɵt˥ to go out |
| s | s | sik6 食 sɪk˨ to eat |
| j | j | jat1 一 jɐt˥ one — Jyutping j = English y. |
| w | w | wui2 會 wui˧˥ meeting |
Voyelles
| IPA | Spelled | Example |
|---|---|---|
| aː | aa | saam1 三 saːm˥ three — LONG a. saam1 三 vs sam1 心 — length changes the word. |
| ɐ | a | sam1 心 sɐm˥ heart — SHORT a. |
| ɛː | e | se2 寫 sɛː˧˥ to write |
| iː | i | si6 是 siː˨ to be (formal) |
| ɪ | i before ng/k | sing1 星 sɪŋ˥ star |
| ɔː | o | ngo5 我 ŋɔː˩˧ I |
| uː | u | fu2 苦 fuː˧˥ bitter |
| ʊ | u before ng/k | tung4 同 tʰʊŋ˨˩ same |
| œː | oe | hoeng1 香 hœːŋ˥ fragrant (Hong Kong's Hong) |
| ɵ | eo | seon3 信 sɵn˧ letter / to believe |
| yː | yu | jyu2 魚 jyː˧˥ fish — French u. |
| aːi | aai | gaai1 街 kaːi˥ street |
| ɐi | ai | sai3 細 sɐi˧ small |
| aːu | aau | gaau3 教 kaːu˧ to teach |
| ɐu | au | gau2 九 kɐu˧˥ nine |
| ei | ei | sei3 四 sei˧ four |
| ou | ou | hou2 好 hou˧˥ good |
| ɵy | eoi | seoi2 水 sɵy˧˥ water |
| iːu | iu | siu2 小 siːu˧˥ small |
| uːi | ui | bui1 杯 puːi˥ cup |
| ɔːi | oi | hoi1 開 hɔːi˥ to open |
Les règles, dans l'ordre
74 règles. La colonne de gauche est un motif (expression régulière) testé à la position courante dans le mot ; (?=…) regarde devant, (?<=…) regarde derrière, $ est la fin du mot.
| # | Pattern | Sound | Why |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gw | ||
| 2 | kw | ||
| 3 | ng(?=[aeiouy]) | ng as an initial | |
| 4 | ng(?=[1-6]) | ng alone is a whole syllable (五 ng5) | |
| 5 | m(?=[1-6]) | m alone is a whole syllable (唔 m4) | |
| 6 | aai | ||
| 7 | aau | ||
| 8 | aam | ||
| 9 | aan | ||
| 10 | aang | ||
| 11 | aap | ||
| 12 | aat | ||
| 13 | aak | ||
| 14 | aa | aa = long a | |
| 15 | eoi | ||
| 16 | eon | ||
| 17 | eot | ||
| 18 | oeng | ||
| 19 | oek | ||
| 20 | oe | ||
| 21 | yun | ||
| 22 | yut | ||
| 23 | yu | ||
| 24 | ing | i shortens to /ɪ/ before ng/k | |
| 25 | ik | ||
| 26 | ung | u shortens to /ʊ/ before ng/k | |
| 27 | uk | ||
| 28 | ai | single a = short /ɐ/ | |
| 29 | au | ||
| 30 | am | ||
| 31 | an | ||
| 32 | ang | ||
| 33 | ap | ||
| 34 | at | ||
| 35 | ak | ||
| 36 | ei | ||
| 37 | eng | ||
| 38 | ek | ||
| 39 | iu | ||
| 40 | im | ||
| 41 | in | ||
| 42 | ip | ||
| 43 | it | ||
| 44 | oi | ||
| 45 | ou | ||
| 46 | ong | ||
| 47 | on | ||
| 48 | ot | ||
| 49 | ok | ||
| 50 | ui | ||
| 51 | un | ||
| 52 | ut | ||
| 53 | a | ||
| 54 | e | ||
| 55 | i | ||
| 56 | o | ||
| 57 | u | ||
| 58 | b | unaspirated | |
| 59 | p | aspirated | |
| 60 | d | unaspirated | |
| 61 | t | aspirated | |
| 62 | g | unaspirated | |
| 63 | k | aspirated | |
| 64 | z | ||
| 65 | c | ||
| 66 | j | Jyutping j = y | |
| 67 | [fmnlswh] | ||
| 68 | ng | ||
| 69 | 1 | tone 1: high | |
| 70 | 2 | tone 2: rising | |
| 71 | 3 | tone 3: mid level | |
| 72 | 4 | tone 4: low falling | |
| 73 | 5 | tone 5: low rising | |
| 74 | 6 | tone 6: low level |