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Prepositions

Eight small words — di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra/fra — none of which maps one-to-one onto English. Two things to master: the fused preposition + article forms, and the personality of da, the most Italian preposition of all.

Preposition + article = one word

di, a, da, in, su fuse with the definite article — di + il = del, in + la = nella, su + gli = sugli. The full grid lives in Articles; it is not optional (di il is simply wrong). con and per stay separate.

a vs in — places

ruleexamples
a + cityvivo a Roma, vado a Parigi
in + country, region, large islandin Italia, in Toscana, in Sicilia
in + "function" places (no article)in banca, in ufficio, in centro, in macchina
a + a similar fixed seta casa, a scuola, a letto, a teatro, a piedi
al / alla… for specific venuesal cinema, al mare, alla stazione

Same word for position and motion: Sono a Roma / Vado a Roma — Italian doesn't distinguish "in" from "to" the way English does.

da — THE Italian preposition

English speakers underuse it for months. Its jobs:

meaningexample
fromVengo da Milano. · dalle 9 alle 5
at/to someone's placeVado da Marco. · Sono dal medico. (chez in French)
since / for (duration, with present tense)Studio italiano da due anni. — I have been studying for two years
purpose / suitabilityqualcosa da mangiare, una camera da letto, occhiali da sole
by (agent)scritto da Dante
behaving asda bambino (as a child), fai da te (DIY)

The da + present pattern replaces the English perfect: Aspetto da un'ora = "I have been waiting for an hour" — present tense in Italian, always.

di — of, and more

Possession (il libro di Anna), material (una casa di legno), origin with essere (Sono di Napoli — but vengo da), comparisons (più alto di te), the partitive (del pane = some bread), and after quantities: un chilo di pane, qualcosa di bello.

The traps for English speakers

English saysItalian says
think aboutpensare a
depend ondipendere da
ask (someone)chiedere a qualcuno
look at / listen to / wait forguardare, ascoltare, aspettare — no preposition at all
in the eveningdi sera · la sera (habit)
on Mondaylunedì — no preposition; il lunedì = every Monday
made offatto di
on TValla TV / in TV

Verb + infinitive linkers must be memorised per verb: cerco di capire, comincio a lavorare, voglio capire (nothing).

tra / fra

Interchangeable (pick whichever sounds better): between (tra me e te) and "in" for future time: tra dieci minuti = in ten minutes' time — never in for this meaning.


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